Child Health (Paediatrics): Other Topics MCQs for Nursing Exams

Answer: D. Lower serum phosphate

Renal failure – diet – restrict potassium, phosphate, sodium and protein; give phosphate binders to lower phosphate., p.287.)

Answer: B. Giving the single-dose form of the medication early in the day

The single-dose form of methylphenidate should be taken 10 to 14 hours before bedtime to prevent problems with insomnia, which can occur when the daily or last dose of the medication is taken within 6 hours (for multiple dosing) or 10 to 14 hours (for single dosing) before bedtime. It is recommended that a missed dose be taken as soon as possible; the dose is skipped if it is not remembered until the next dose is due. Any other medication, including over-the-counter medications, should be discussed with the doctor before use to eliminate the risk of a possible drug interaction.

Answer: C. Rule out meningitis

Lumbar puncture in encephalitis – Done mainly to rule out meningitis; CSF pressure is high but sugar and protein are near normal, with few cells.

Answer: C. Mother-to-child transmission

Paediatric HIV transmission – mostly mother-to-child: in utero, at delivery or through breast milk; maternal vitamin A deficiency raises the risk 3–4 times; also via blood transfusion.

Answer: D. Feeding in semi-Fowler position

A. The nurse would not need to restrict fluids, as the child likely would not be getting overloaded with oral fluids. B. The infant likely will have sodium depletion because of the chronic diuretic use; the infant needs a normal source of sodium, so low-sodium formula would not be used. C. The infant has a great deal of difficulty feeding with CHF, so even getting the maintenance fluids is a challenge. The infant is fed in the more upright position so that fluid in the lungs can go to the base of the lungs, allowing better expansion. D. Breast milk has slightly less sodium than does formula, and the child needs a normal source of sodium because of the diuretic.